|
|death_place=Baton Rouge, Louisiana |resting_place=Louisiana State Capitol Grounds Baton Rouge, Louisiana |spouse=Rose McConnell Long (1913-1935 : his death) |relations=George S. Long (brother) Earl Long (brother) Blanche Long (sister-in-law) Gillis Long (cousin) Speedy O. Long (cousin)Swords Lee (cousin) |children=Rose McConnell Long McFarland (1917–2006) Russell B. Long (1918–2003) Palmer Reid Long (1921–2010) |alma_mater=Tulane University |profession=Attorney, politician |party=Democratic |order=United States Senator from Louisiana |term_start=January 25, 1932 |term_end=September 10, 1935 |predecessor=Joseph E. Ransdell |successor=Rose Long |religion=Baptist |signature=Huey Long Signature.svg }} Huey Pierce Long, Jr. (August 30, 1893 September 10, 1935), nicknamed The Kingfish, was an American politician who served as the 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935. A Democrat, he was an outspoken populist who denounced the rich and the banks and called for "Share the Wealth." As the political boss of the state he commanded wide networks of supporters and was willing to take forceful action. He established the political prominence of the Long political family. Long is best known for his Share Our Wealth program, created in 1934 under the motto "Every Man a King." It proposed new wealth redistribution measures in the form of a net asset tax on corporations and individuals to curb the poverty and homelessness endemic nationwide during the Great Depression. To stimulate the economy, Long advocated federal spending on public works, schools and colleges, and old age pensions. He was an ardent critic of the policies of the Federal Reserve System. A supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election, Long split with Roosevelt in June 1933 to plan his own presidential bid for 1936 in alliance with the influential Catholic priest and radio commentator Charles Coughlin. Long was assassinated in 1935 and his national movement soon faded, but his legacy continued in Louisiana through his wife, Senator Rose McConnell Long, and his son, Senator Russell B. Long.〔Havard, Heberle, and Howard, ''The Louisiana Election of 1960'', pp. 82–83〕 Under Long's leadership, hospitals and educational institutions were expanded, a system of charity hospitals was set up that provided health care for the poor, massive highway construction and free bridges brought an end to rural isolation, and free textbooks were provided for schoolchildren. He remains a controversial figure in Louisiana history, with critics and supporters debating whether or not he was a dictator, demagogue or populist.〔The debaters' arguments appear in Henry C. Dethloff, ed., ''Huey P. Long: Southern Demagogue or American Democrat'' (1976)〕 ==Early life and legal career== Long was born on August 30, 1893, near Winnfield, the seat of government of Winn Parish, a small town in the north-central part of the state. He was the son of Huey Pierce Long, Sr. (1852–1937) and the former Caledonia Palestine Tison (1860–1913). He was the seventh of nine surviving children in a farm-owning middle-class family. He was home-schooled as a young child and later attended local schools, where he was an excellent student and was said to have a remarkable memory. In 1908, upon completing the eleventh grade, Long circulated a petition protesting the addition of a 12th-grade graduation requirement, which resulted in his expulsion. Long won a debating scholarship to Louisiana State University, but he was unable to afford the textbooks required for attendance. Instead, he spent the next five years as a traveling salesman, selling books, canned goods and patent medicines, as well as working as an auctioneer.〔(Education ) (on Huey Long official website)〕 In 1913, Long married Rose McConnell. She was a stenographer who had won a baking contest which he promoted to sell "Cottolene", one of the most popular of the early vegetable shortenings to come on the market. The Longs had a daughter, also named Rose, and two sons, Russell (1918–2003) (later a seven-term U.S. Senator) and Palmer (1921–2010) (a Shreveport oilman).〔(Associated Press obit 25 October 2010 )〕 When sales jobs grew scarce during World War I, Long attended seminary classes at Oklahoma Baptist University at the urging of his mother, a devout Baptist, but he decided he was not suited to preaching.〔 Long briefly attended the University of Oklahoma College of Law in Norman, Oklahoma, and later Tulane University Law School in New Orleans. In 1915 after only a year at Tulane, he convinced a board to let him take the state bar exam. He passed and began private practice in Winnfield. Later, in Shreveport, he spent ten years representing small plaintiffs against large businesses, including workers' compensation cases. He often said proudly that he never took a case against a poor man.〔O'Malley, Michael. (Huey Long ). (Teachinghistory.org ). Accessed 2 June 2011.〕 Long won fame by taking on the powerful Standard Oil Company, which he sued for unfair business practices. Over the course of his career, Long continued to challenge Standard Oil's influence in state politics and charged the company with exploiting the state's vast oil and gas resources. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Huey Long」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|